DE-
          PROGRAMMING
        A Manifesto
         Click 
          here for German-Version
        “I 
          give a fuck if you’re a damn Jew, or a Serbo-Kroat, an American 
          or the devil knows what! – What are your human qualities, if I 
          may ask? – Are you honest? Do you treat your family and friends 
          lovingly and with respect? Are you happy? Or do you exploit other human 
          beings, in order to silence your frustration with the filthy lucre?”
          (Inno)
          
         
         
        Introduction
        
         
        This world is on the brink 
          of self-destruction. Senseless wars are being fought, millions of people 
          are being oppressed, women are treated worse than chattel. Many people 
          are dying daily of starvation and diseases such as AIDs. The meaning 
          of life is either a dogged fight for survival or the flight into brainless 
          consumption. It seems that mankind is governed by greed, fear and poverty.
        The globe itself is sick, because our boundless greed, with which we 
          are trying to distract ourselves from our inner boredom, has exploited 
          it and disturbed its delicate homeostasis. The equally delicate balance 
          of our economic system can be upset any minute, and masses of fanatics 
          and fundamentalists are ready to destroy civil liberties in the East 
          and the West, also in countries that still pretend to be fighting for 
          freedom. 
        The present political institutions have not even been able to reduce 
          the world’s population in order to decrease starvation and make 
          the individual human life more dignified. What’s worse, the politicians 
          would not even consider such measures, since they are afraid to offend 
          certain religious and ethnic programs, in other words a lot of their 
          voters.
          While some countries are throwing thousands of tons of valuable food 
          into the sea – for economic reasons – millions of people 
          are dying of starvation in other countries. Would it not be sensible 
          to create a world government, which could move resources to where they 
          are most needed?
        But the worst scenario can still be avoided – not by replacing 
          one ideology with another one, though. Yet if all intelligent human 
          beings start feeling responsible and becoming aware of what the roots 
          of this tremendous chaos, in fact, are and decide to drop all attachment 
          to the sick ‘Programs’ that have led mankind into this miserable 
          state, it is possible to avert greater disaster.
        I would like you to consider this short text and, if you agree with 
          it, do something to spread it.
        
        
         
         
         
        De-Programming
         
         
        Wasser kocht Water boils at 100 degrees, whether the scientist observing 
          the experiment is a Jew or a Buddhist, a Japanese or an American, a 
          communist or a fascist, a man or a woman.
          Science is neutral, objective. And this objectivity would be impaired 
          if the scientist were dependent on any social, cultural or psychological 
          program. Science is looking for truth, not for an illusion as do religions 
          and nations.
          We know that scientific truths work all over the globe. Computers, cars, 
          TV, etc. are neither Christian nor American, neither communist, nor 
          separatist.
        Another example: Sex is pleasurable for the Chinese, the eskimos, the 
          Russians, Italians, men and women, cats and dogs. And yet our so-called 
          cultural, ethnic and religious conditioning has almost destroyed this 
          natural source of pleasure. Above all the religions have given us guilt 
          feelings in this area (which the cats and dogs do not know), they have 
          forced us to repress our own nature and have thus produced homosexuality 
          and prostitution and perversions. Moreover, they have suppressed woman 
          all over the globe, denied her the natural pleasure, cut off her clitoris 
          etc
        This is just a strong example for how destructive certain programs 
          have been in the past. And that is why we should all of us endeavour 
          to get totally de-programmed.
        
        What are those programs?
        Programs are ways of behaviour and thinking that you have learned from 
          society and your environment. They are not innate, they are not real 
          needs – and they limit your perception of the world and your freedom 
          of expression. They are like prejudices.
        If people cannot respond in a fresh way to a new situation it is because 
          they are prejudiced, they are programmed and they will start reacting 
          to the new situation.
        Children do not have any programs when they are born, except, of course, 
          instinctual and genetic ones. As they grow older they lose this innocent 
          state and internalise many programs they have received from their parents, 
          their friends and society. But since they have been acquired in the 
          early stages of your life, they can also be dropped as your awareness 
          is growing. 
        People are not aware of why they are acting in a certain way. Programs 
          are not often questioned. They are irrational and you are simply asked 
          to believe in them. In India, for example, cows are considered to be 
          sacred and drinking cow urine is seen as a sacred action. We may laugh 
          at such things, but then a hindu has every right to sneer at Christian 
          assertions that Jesus is the only begotten son of God.
        On the other hand, if you dare drop the programs of your social environment, 
          the people with whom you live will feel threatened by you and will try 
          to get you back into the flock. 
        Here are some types of programs you may have unconsciously taken over 
          from your environment:
        . Believing in anything,
          . religious creeds, 
          . political creeds/nationalism,
          . cultural, ethnic and racist conditioning,
          . social values,
          . morals,
          . idealism,
          . history,
          …
        Religions: For example, before Galileo Christians were expected to 
          believe that the sun moved round the earth. Now we know they were wrong. 
          Catholics still believe that god is against condoms and that is why 
          the pope is against AIDs campaigns in the developing world. Today millions 
          of human beings are dying of AIDS because they do not know about this 
          disease and how they can protect themselves against it. 
        Indians believe that god created four castes into which men are born. 
          Social injustice was thus cemented and justified by god’s will. 
          Most religions believe in the concept of ‘sin’ or ‘karma’, 
          and that’s why everybody is carrying the heavy burden of guilt 
          around with him. Moreover, the Christians believe that all non-Christians 
          will go to hell, the muslims believe the same thing about non-Muslims 
          and so forth. There are more than 300 religions that believe they are 
          the only true religion and their god is the only one, while some religions, 
          e.g. the Buddhists, Jainas and Taoists, do very well without the concept 
          of a god. Must be a bit confusing for the old woman up there!
        The fundamentalist Christians of America, the Imams and Mullas of Islam, 
          or the orthodox Jews have clearly shown that they have not been able 
          to bring peace into this world but only more violent conflicts. In the 
          name of love and spirituality they indulge in irresponsible political 
          gambling. 
        Religious beliefs are easy to pinpoint and they have been the most 
          disastrous programs of humanity. They should therefore be eliminated 
          first.
        Nations: Nowadays, millions of people are moving from one country to 
          another, e.g. to live with their partners, to seek asylum or for reasons 
          of work or studies. Their children, the next generation, are often completely 
          integrated in the new social context. It seems absurd to uphold the 
          concept of nations, which has annihilated so many millions of human 
          lives in armed conflicts. 
          And do not forget, nowadays the problems are global, yet the solutions 
          are still national. The politicians behave in an utterly egotistic way, 
          because they only want to please their own voters. They do not feel 
          responsible for the whole world. Unfortunately, America is giving the 
          world an extremely bad example by being so ridiculously nationalist. 
        
        Just imagine, if we abolish nations and introduce a UN passport, we 
          shall be able to drop all armies and collect and destroy all instruments 
          of death. We shall have an amazing amount of new resources at our disposal 
          to feed and educate the poor. And the hundreds of thousands of scientists, 
          at present busy in the arms industry, could make a more constructive 
          contribution to this world with their creativity.
        Also local patriotism, which goes under the name of ‘ethnical 
          background’, has proved to be a continuous cause of conflict all 
          over the world. The ‘melting pot of nations’ in the US and 
          in many other Western countries demonstrate clearly that ethnicity does 
          not have to prevent you from integrating well in the social surroundings 
          where you live, as long as you put humanity above all other derivative 
          values.
          More and more people are travelling all over the world and create many 
          friendships. Why don’t we go a little step further and declare 
          friendship to be more important than division? By the way, it’s 
          not a question of ‘imposing’ new programs on people limited 
          by their ethnical believes, but of not allowing their ethnic programs 
          to be a reason for division and killing each other.
        Imagine, if one day we simply dropped this disastrous nationalist distinction 
          between human beings. Most people would certainly not feel ecstatic 
          at first. They would feel somehow empty and suddenly realise how they 
          have been let down by their leaders for thousands of years. They would 
          become aware of the social injustice within their own countries. – 
          The politicians are, of course, afraid of this moment of truth, and 
          they will try to stick to nationalism as long as they can…or as 
          long as you do not lose patience.
        Ideals: Everybody who has studied history or sociology knows that social 
          values and morals are mere trends and fashions and not ‘divine 
          law’. And ever so often legal practise lags behind new insights 
          by about half a century. All these laws just punish advanced individuals 
          for being more open than others.
          Idealism easily becomes fanaticism, especially if idealists try to impose 
          their personal philosophy on others. The opposite of idealism is scientific 
          research. 
        Examples for misled idealists are the German Nazis, the communist theoreticians, 
          the promoters of New Economy, the Christian missionaries, the American 
          presidents, (who want ‘to bring peace’ to some countries 
          and manage only to destroy them), or the people who fight for a drugfree 
          world by penalising harmless hashsmokers heavily while financially supporting 
          alcoholics who kill millions of people in the streets. 
          It’s hardly imaginable how much destructive idealism is around. 
          Every politician wants to save you from the opposition. The anti-abortionists 
          demonstrate their pro-life attitude by making women’s lives into 
          hell. We protect our kids from every inch of naked flesh and, on the 
          other hand, let them watch the most violent and atrocious films, provided 
          they promote nationalist ‘values’. We forbid some poor women 
          to save their lives by working as prostitutes and let a few greedy idiots 
          accumulate billions of dollars in the ubiquitous pornography business.
        The fact is, society cannot accept you the way you are, and so it forces 
          you to be false, a hypocrite. Just as religions first make you feel 
          guilty and then promise that some redeemer will save you, society rewards 
          you for keeping up appearances. It asks you to wear a mask of respectability 
          no matter what your real feelings are.
        History: History is a great thing. It can, for example, teach us that 
          all ideals have failed up to now. Unfortunately, what we inculcate into 
          schoolchildren is mainly the importance of military and economic struggles 
          together with names such as Alexander the Great, Djengis Khan, Napoleon 
          or Winston Churchill. If we did not teach history in this way, no megalomaniac 
          would dream of sacrificing the well-being of others to his dream of 
          going down in history. 
          In addition to this, history, to the conservative mind, means that whatever 
          happened in the past is essential and a determining factor for the present. 
          In other words, if a country at one time in the past occupied another 
          country it has a certain right to reconquer it again. These conservatives 
          also believe that countries and nations have a god-given identity and 
          personality and cannot be dissolved. You cannot divide, or change the 
          borders of countries since that would be like injuring or killing a 
          live organism. 
          But think of a young child who has not yet been programmed by his society 
          and does not even know the names of the countries. He will not see any 
          borders and nations, he will only see mountains and rivers and trees. 
          I personally give a damn what the name of a country is, provided its 
          people treat me civilly and with respect. 
        On the other hand, the same people who insist with so much vehemence 
          on the precious identity of nations, can easily attack, conquer and 
          take over the whole world. In colonial times, not so long ago, European 
          states stole just about every piece of land still available for landrobbers 
          and started to exploit its inhabitants. A whole black continent was 
          reduced to slavery in order to make some white men richer. If anyone 
          did the same to these rich modern states they would let their historians 
          tell you that we should respect the historical growth of political situations. 
          This may show you how important it is for historians to be scientific 
          and de-programmed
        Racism: It seems necessary to me to redefine racism in this context. 
          - Everyone who identifies himself with an institution is laying the 
          foundation for racism. Everyone who feels in any way different and special 
          is running the risk of becoming racist. If it is more important for 
          you to be a Muslim or a Christian or a Jew than to be just an ordinary 
          human being, you have violated your nature.
          Only he who puts his humanity above all cults and flags and the history 
          of a country, is free from that dangerous fanaticism.
        . lifeplans,
          . your “image”
          . habits,
          . knowledge, 
        Ask yourself, what your lifeplan is, and where it comes from. You may 
          suddenly wake up at some point in your life and realise that you have 
          a nine-to-five job, a wife, a TV, two children, a dog, a car and a barbecue 
          grill. And you know that it is exactly these things you dreamt about 
          when you were younger. You have created this life and its particular 
          circumstances. No, you have not even created this unoriginal kind of 
          life yourself. You have probably blindly imitated or taken over the 
          beliefs of your social surroundings, since millions of other people 
          have ended up in the same situation. 
        Your ‘image’ is often a copy of some famous person, or 
          one of your parents, you intend to imitate in your life. Why don’t 
          you try to see who you are deep down, without any interference of idols 
          and role models?
        Your habits, too, are bound to be blind repetitions of a pattern, a 
          program. You drink your coffee and eat your bacon and eggs without ever 
          asking yourself whether this is really what you, your body, wants at 
          this moment.
          You know what you are going to do tonight and what you are going to 
          do next weekend. You know where you are going on holiday next year and 
          what you are going to do when you retire. 
          Women often have very strong instinctual and social programs. They want 
          children, security and respectability, and this prevents them from seeing 
          the world as it is.
        It may be difficult for you to see that also ‘knowledge’ 
          creates programs in you. But think of the moment your wife (or husband) 
          enters the flat in the evening. You hardly look around to ‘see’ 
          her, because you ‘know’ her, after all. What you know you 
          don’t see anymore. It has become dead. You may know the Latin 
          names of a thousand flowers and plants, but you have never met an individual 
          plant. Knowledge is one of the deepest programs. If you know nothing, 
          like a child for example, you are open to the world and its myriad wonders.
        Negativity and defeatism is an emotional program that intellectuals 
          often adhere to. It is neither scientific nor to be found in nature. 
          But it can be as destructive as any other more ideological programs.
        Expectations and desires, hopes and fears prevent you from living now. 
          And deep down you have these expectations because you want to please 
          the world around you. You hope for success because this will help you 
          pass muster, and people will call you ‘a good boy’. – 
          The crowd seems to be the ultimate value in life, while the individual 
          is looked upon as a disturbance. But then, Mozart, Buddha, Shakespeare, 
          Einstein, Michelangelo, all the people who have contributed so much 
          to our civilisation were individuals.
        
        
          What’s the difference between De-programming and Re-programming?
        Re-programming means replacing one program by another, e.g. conversion 
          from Christianity to Islam, from capitalism to socialism, from alcoholism 
          to the Jehova’s witnesses, from reckless driving to “these 
          young people drive like maniacs!”,
          It leaves you in the same mess but gives it a different name. Gandhi 
          started calling the sudras, the lowest caste in India, who, for thousands 
          of years, have only been allowed to carry shit from the houses of the 
          other castes to a ditch outside town, ‘children of god’ 
          – but he did not do anything to change and improve their lot. 
          
          Democracy is not good per se, if masses of greedy consumers, in other 
          words the majority, are to decide what is supposed to be best for all 
          of us. Advertising and politics like giving new, nice-sounding names 
          to unpleasant facts. A friend of mine calls this ‘putting sugar 
          on shit’.
        Brainwashing is a particular form of re-programming. It just puts different 
          beliefs in the place of the old beliefs. An American nationalist and 
          hero worshipper is as brainwashed as a member of the Chinese opposition 
          detained in a prison for ‘re-education’. 
          De-programming is the opposite of brainwashing.
        
          Difficulties
        Everybody is so convinced that they are totally objective. People don’t 
          usually see their programs. And if you tell them, they will react and 
          let you know that you’re just against them.
          And don’t forget, all vested powers will fiercely oppose de-programming 
          since people can only be exploited by the politicians through their 
          unquestioned beliefs.
        
          Why should we get de-programmed?
        Because it’s these programs that have caused all the wars and 
          the misery. They limit our freedom and other people’s freedom. 
          They make you reduce the infinite beauty of reality to a rigid or depressive 
          image of your own projection. If you have a program you will walk through 
          life and only see tits and asses, or terrorists and immigrants, or money 
          and dividends, or sins and god’s wrath. But life is so immense, 
          so poetical and miraculous.
        We are first of all human beings, and not exponents of a political 
          creed or an ethnic background. And yet, the politicians and the priests 
          and society want us to believe that it is the other way round, i.e. 
          that we are first of all Catholics, Muslims, Americans, Kurds, Jews, 
          Brahmins and the like and not human beings who share the same emotions, 
          the pains and the desire to be happy.
        Human beings feel pain and pleasure, sex and hunger, compassion and 
          grief, anger and fear, whatever religion they have. Shylock, in Shakespeare’s 
          ‘Merchant of Venice’ says: “If you prick us, do we 
          not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh?” He wanted to show 
          us that Jews are human beings like everybody else. Unfortunately, the 
          Jews themselves still think they are special – and they suffer 
          for it. The same thing goes for Serbs and Kroats, Jehova’s Witnesses 
          or militant Gays.
        Consciousness, passion, compassion, intelligence, sensitivity, warmth, 
          courage, etc are human qualities. There is no such thing as ‘Christian 
          love’ or ‘Communist intelligence’. – Yes, there 
          are different climates and regional expressions of humanity, different 
          cuisines, styles of music, clothes or architecture – and that 
          is great! But there is no ‘Fundamentalist salami’ or ‘Catholic 
          coffee’.
        Who/What are you, once you are de-programmed?
        You will just be an ordinary human being. You will feel pain and pleasure. 
          You will be aware, intelligent, loving. You will not be great just because 
          your nation is great. You will make mistakes – and learn from 
          them.
          Consciousness, joy, love, spontaneity, trust, positivity – that’s 
          what you are. You are perfect just the way you are, when you no longer 
          adhere to any programs. You will be open and authentic. You will be 
          tolerant and flexible and accept life the way it is. And you will also 
          be very creative.
        In short, you will be free. Free from all programs that have prevented 
          you from being the beautiful human being which you are. You will no 
          longer be doing things in order to please somebody else, but only because 
          you like doing them.
        Test yourself. – Can you accept these definitions?
        ? A de-programmed person does not believe in ANYTHING. Either he knows 
          or he does not. But he would never replace his ignorance with any creed.
          ? He/she considers him/herself first of all a human being who is merely 
          a guest on this planet.
          ? He does not belong to any nation or ethnic group. He is a citizen 
          of the earth.
          ? He does not belong to any religion. But he will search for religiousness 
          himself.
          ? He is not a member of any political party.
          ? He does not destroy love by making it a legal contract. In other words, 
          he neither marries nor divorces. He does not consider his children his 
          possession, either. He knows has no right to give them any programs, 
          neither political, religious, ethnic or moral. He allows them to search 
          for truth themselves.
          ? He accepts the political equality of men, women, children and the 
          various parts of mankind.
          ? He does not try to convert any other human being.
          ? He does not accept being given any lifeplans by other people, e.g. 
          his parents, peers or society at large.
          ? He would never fight or die for any ideal.
        These are only the political prerequisites of a de-programmed person. 
          It would be easy to just sign a declaration in which you agree with 
          the above principles. There must be millions of intelligent human beings 
          on earth who have tacitly done so by this time.
          As you can see, nothing is said about the econimic models, social justice, 
          personal possession and similar aspects of a future world. We have total 
          trust in the intelligence of a de-programmed human being. De-programmed 
          people will decide differently on these issues from the way people in 
          the past have done.
          I do not think that revolutions are necessary any longer, once we have 
          put understanding in the place of fighting, defensiveness and reacting. 
          Intelligence itself is rebellion.
        In order to deal with the subtler forms of your conditioning you would 
          need a special kind of therapeutic treatment and learn the art of meditation. 
          It may take years of effort to rid yourself of these subtle conditionings 
          and hidden programs in your life. 
          You would also have to learn that truth is ‘that which is’ 
          and cannot therefore be talked about. There are thus no sacred scriptures 
          about ‘truth’. 
          Reality is your personal interpretation of the world the way you experience 
          it. It is bound to be very limited.
          And all ‘shoulds’ create ideals and thus new programs. (E.g. 
          you should give up smoking, you should behave like a woman/man, you 
          should get married, fight for ‘your’ country etc).
        Taking a scientific attitude towards questions and problems would also 
          mean that you would always ask yourself whether your opinions are based 
          on any hidden program. (E.g. why are you for or against genetic manipulation? 
          Is this an answer you have arrived at yourself or have you been influenced 
          by religious groups, economic groups, particular newspapers, your country, 
          some trends or your primary relationship etc?).
        
          How can you be de-programmed?
        
          First of all, you will have to become aware of your conditioning. This 
          is comparatively easy in the area of religion, nationalism and some 
          moral issues. But there are also very subtle programs such as your unconscious 
          lifeplans, the habits, the ideals and the things you want to do and 
          to be…’for others’. 
        What is needed in order to understand and drop these subtle programs 
          is some kind of therapy. But not every school of psychotherapy is appropriate 
          for this task. The various schools are frequently a matter of creed, 
          in other words, programs, too. Moreover, the aim of many schools is 
          to adjust people to society, in other words re-program them. Behaviourism, 
          for instance, which is one of the most powerful schools today, is famous 
          for RE-programming people, but nor for DE-programming them. Humanistic 
          psychology, on the other hand, makes de-programming an essential aim 
          of its work.
        You may think that therapy is only needed for maniacs. But today we 
          are all mad. We do so many things that we never wanted to do deep down. 
          We have substitutes for love (money, romance, pornography), for the 
          meaning of life (e.g. success, consumption) and we constantly distract 
          ourselves from ourselves. We have been conditioned negatively and have 
          to finally dump this ballast in order to become free. - Hardly anybody, 
          with the exception of children and animals, can simply be silent for 
          a while, or just be. Very few people know what ecstasy means.
        The ultimate de-programming happens when you start meditating, because 
          meditation means just to be, without thinking or judging. It is not 
          a religious ritual but a scientific method of self-knowledge. You will 
          learn how to watch life, while the grass grows and the spring comes 
          by itself – without your interference.
          You will also learn to trust life instead of human institutions. After 
          all, a considerable part of our history of civilisation is nothing but 
          an arrogant interference in matters of gigantic dimensions, that, ultimately, 
          we do not understand. Meditation therefore also means tuning in into 
          the mysterious life that surrounds us.
        
        
          Epilogue
        Everybody knows John Lennon’s song “Imagine” – 
          but only few have ever heard the lyrics. I know many intelligent people 
          who no longer support the nonsense of religions and nations any longer 
          and look at every new issue in a fresh way, without preconceived ideas 
          or a partisan attitude.
          On the other hand, I also know that many intellectuals tend to see only 
          the complexity of the situation and thus become procrastinators incapable 
          of doing anything at all. Nonetheless, I think the causes of the world’s 
          predicament are very simple.
        What we proudly call Democracy is nothing but ‘massocracy’. 
          That means that the masses, the lowest common denominator of a country, 
          are ruling with the help of some irresponsible representatives, who 
          are only interested in power and privileges. (It also works the other 
          way round, of course, i.e. egotistic people rule with the help of the 
          blind masses). In Roman times these masses were screaming for “bread 
          and games”, today they ask for security, consumer goods and entertainment. 
          Just watch your TV program and you will find out what they mean by it. 
          The Americans have certainly beaten everybody else as far as the lowest 
          common denominator is concerned. They are hardly aware that there are 
          other people living beyond the oceans, and other ways of living.
        But instead of educating the masses and raising the level of consciousness 
          of a country, politicians are doing everything in their power to enhance 
          and exploit the most primitive instincts of people. Their rhetoric consists 
          in variations of two topics: greed and fear. 
          Intelligent people, on the other hand, are dangerous to the vested interests. 
          They doubt, they dare to ask questions and they can’t be taken 
          in by bullshit.
        Religion and politics have clearly failed in healing this world. Let 
          the scientists do the job now. They are responsible for the amazing 
          advance of ‘technological’ civilisation in the last few 
          hundred years. 
          Of course, they will have to be willing to do some de-programming, too, 
          otherwise they will wish like Einstein to become plumbers in case they 
          are born again. (According to his biographers he realised that it was 
          a mistake to create nuclear weapons and place them in the hands of unconscious 
          statesmen.)
        It’s especially the scientists, artists, journalists, mystics, 
          the academics, students and universities that we are calling upon to 
          accept responsibility for helping to create a better world. Many of 
          them are already very much de-programmed. Others, unfortunately, still 
          let themselves be used by politicians.
        It is true, we already have the United Nations, but unfortunately they 
          are mere puppets of vested political interests whose representatives 
          do not show the will to have ONE mankind. Although we have elected these 
          politicians and asked them to be efficient administrators like e.g. 
          the director of the railways or the electricity board, they are always 
          dreaming of becoming little Napoleons, Hitlers and the like. We have 
          seen where this leads us.
        We need a totally independent global institution, an international 
          academy of science, just as we need independent magistrates and judges 
          to check the other political powers. And we need to get ourselves de-programmed.
        You are first of all a human being. Everything else is local colour, 
          enriching maybe but ultimately insignificant in view of this one essential 
          thing: that you are after all a human being like all the other 6 billion 
          human beings. This earth is one and nobody owns the truth in the form 
          of religion.
        
          These ideas have been put forward by many philosophers and mystics from 
          the Taoists and Diogenes to present times. John Lennon expressed them 
          in a very simple way in “Imagine”, and Osho, the mystic, 
          described the in the most comprehensive way in his “The greatest 
          Challenge”. But even if you never heard of these people, common 
          sense will teach you the same thing.